3 Hydrogen distribution and storage 3.1 Gaseous and liquid hydrogen In the gaseous state, the most obvious method for distributing hydrogen would appear to be via pipeline. This has long been the practice in Germany to supply hydrogen for chemical processes.More recently, other networks have been installed in Northern France, the USA, South Korea, and Thailand. The pipelining of hydrogen as a universal energy vector is a more difficult proposition since the distances would be much greater and the allowable costs much less. Apart from the huge capital investment that would be required, there are many technical difficulties, such as ( i ): materials problems (e. g., blistering, embrittlement and decarburization of metals) may not allow the use of natural-gas facilities; ( ii )the small molecular size of hydrogen renders it easily diffusible so that it could escape through existing natural-gas pipes (but mixtures similar to synthesis gas could be used in the interim); ( iii )the low volumetric energy density of hydrogen means that, to deliver a given amount of energy, the flow rate must be about three times greater than that for natural gas, and therefore more energy is required to move hydrogen; (iv) over long distances, there will also be a need to re-pressurize regularly, which will cause further loss of energy.
作 者： D. A. J. Rand  
作者单位： CSIRO Energy Technology,Box 312,Clayton South,Victoria 3169,Australia 
刊 名： 电池  ISTIC PKU
英文刊名： BATTERY BIMONTHLY 
年，卷(期)： 2006 36(2) 
分类号： TM911 TM912 
关键词：  
机标分类号： O4 C96 
机标关键词： chemical processescapital investmentlong distancesenergy densitysynthesis gasnatural gasflow rateused in

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